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Wonders of the World "TEMPLE BROBUDUR" The Amazing Work of Historical
The History explained that, Borobudur Temple was founded can not know for certain, but estimated according writings framed original foot of Borobudur reliefs (Karwa Wibhangga) shows similar to that in the letters of the inscription get at the end of the 8th century. From the evidence it can be concluded that Borobudur was founded around the year 800 AD the above conclusion it was in accordance with the framework of Indonesian history in general and the history that is in the area of Central Java in the period between the 8th century and mid-century 9 in the famous golden century Sailendra dynasty. This triumph marked on the rise and some of the temples on the slopes of the mountain with a typical Hindu building while the dotted plains are typical Buddhist building. Thus the Borobudur Temple was built by Sailendra dynasty famous in history because of efforts to uphold and glorify Buddhism. Borobudur is a wonder of the world between the towering lowland sekelilingnya.Tidak never imagined seeing the greatest work of art is the work of a very amazing.
Borobudur Temple is a religious shrine of Buddha which is located in Magelang , Central Java , Indonesia . The location of the temple is approximately 100 km in the southwestof Semarang , 86 miles to the west of Surakarta , 40 km from the city of Yogyakarta .Brobudur temple-shaped stupa . Borobudur is the largest Buddhist temple or shrine in the world, and one of the largest Buddhist monument in the world. This temple consists of six square-shaped terrace upon which there are three circular courtyard, the walls adorned with 2,672 panels relief and originally contained 504 statues of Buddha .Borobudur has the most complete collection of Buddhist reliefs in the world and. The main stupa in the middle of the biggest teletak well as crowning the building, surrounded by three rows of 72 circular perforated stupas in which there is a statue of Buddha sitting cross-legged in the lotus position perfectly with the mudra (hand position) Dharmachakra mudra (turning the wheel of dharma) is a model .Candi universe and built as a shrine to honor the Buddha also functions as a place of pilgrimage to guide mankind to switch from natural lust to enlightenment and wisdom according to the teachings of Buddha.The pilgrims enter through the east side starting at the base of the temple ritual by walking this sacred building circling clockwise, while continuing to go up to the next steps through the three levels of the realm in Buddhist cosmology. The third level isKamadhatu (the realm of lust), Rupadhatu (tangible realm), and Arupadhatu (intangible realm). In this journey of pilgrims walking through a series of hallways and stairs with no less than 1,460 watched the beautiful relief panels carved on walls and fences.
According to historical evidence, Borobudur was abandoned in the 14th century as the weakening of the influence of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms in Java and started the influence of Islam. The world began to realize the existence of this building since it was discovered in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles , who was then serving as Governor-General of British over Java. Since then it has undergone a series of Borobudur rescue and restoration efforts. Largest restoration project was held in the period 1975 to 1982 for the efforts the Government of the Republic of Indonesia andUNESCO , then these historical sites included in the list of World Heritage Sites . Borobudur is still used as a place of religious pilgrimage; each year Buddhists who come from all over Indonesia and abroad gather at Borobudur to commemorate Trisuci Vesak .In the world of tourism, tourism Borobudur is Indonesia’s single most visited tourist. InIndonesian , ancient religious buildings called temples ; temple term is also used more broadly to refer to all the ancient buildings originating from the Hindu-Buddhist in the archipelago, such as gates , gate , and petirtaan (swimming baths and showers). The origins of the name Borobudur is not clear though is the original name of the temple in Indonesia mostly unknown. The name Borobudur was first written in the book History of Java works of Sir Thomas Raffles . Raffles wrote about a monument called borobudur, but there are no older documents mentioning the exact same name. The only old Javanese manuscript that hints of the existence of the sacred Buddhist building may refer to Borobudur is Nagarakretagama , written by MPU Prapanca in 1365. name Bore-Budur, which is then written Borobudur, probably written Raffles in English grammar to refer to the village it is closest to the village temple Bore (Boro); most temples is often named after the village where the temple stood. Raffles also suspect that the term ‘Budur’ might be associated with the term Buddhism in ancient Javanese language, which means, it is meaningful, ancient Boro, but other archaeologists assume that the name is derived from the term bhudhara Budur meaning mountain.
Many theories that attempt to explain the name of this temple. One of them states that the name is probably derived from the word Sambharabhudhara means mountain(bhudara) where the slopes are located terraces. In addition there are severaletymologies of other people. Suppose that the word comes from the greeting Borobudur Buddhas of Borobudur as a shift in the sound becomes. Another explanation is that the name is derived from two words coal and beduhur. The word bara said to have originated from the word monastery , while there are also other explanations where the coal comes from Sanskrit which means temple or monastery and beduhur meaning is high, or to remind the Balinese language means over. So the point is a monastery orhostel located on high ground. Historian JG de Casparis in his dissertation to obtain his doctorate in 1950 argued that Borobudur is a place of worship. Based Karangtengah inscriptions and Tri Tepusan , Casparis estimate Borobudur founder was the king ofMataram of dynasty dynasty named Samaratungga , who do construction around the year 824 AD . giant new building could be completed at the time of her daughter, QueenPramudawardhani . Borobudur Development estimated take half a century. In Karangtengah inscriptions also mentioned about the bestowal of land sima (tax-free land) by Cri Kahulunan (Pramudawardhani) to maintain Kamulan called Bhūmisambhāra. Kamulan term itself comes from the word meaning first place origins, sacred building to honor the ancestors, the ancestors of the dynasty Sailendra possibility. Casparis Sambhāra Bhudhāra estimates that Bhumi in Sanskrit which means Mount of the set of ten levels boddhisattwa virtue, is the original name of Borobudur.
Borobudur has no worship spaces like temples other.May there are long hallways which is a narrow road. The hallways surrounding the walled temple level by level. In the halls of this is expected Buddhist ceremonies walk around the temple to the right. The form of the building without room and terraced structure is believed to be the development of a form of punden staircase, which is a form of original architecture from prehistoric Indonesia. Borobudur structure when viewed from above form Mandala.Struktur Borobudur structure does not use cement at all, but the interlock system is like Lego blocks that can be attached without glue.
NUMBER OF IMAGES
Buddha statue numbered 504 pieces including the following:
Buddha statue found in niches: 432 pieces
While on the terraces I, II, III totaled 72 pieces
Total: 504 pieces
The composition of the Buddha statue as follows:
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Step I: 104 Statue of Buddha
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Step II: 104 Statue of Buddha
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Step III: 88 Buddha Statue
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Step IV: 22 Buddha Statue
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Step V: 64 Buddha Statue
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Terrace Round I: 32 Buddha Statue
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Terrace Round II: 24 Buddha Statue
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Patio Round III: 16 Buddha Statue
Total: 504 Buddha Statue
At first glance it looks like Buddha statue everything but the truth is there is a difference and the difference is very clear also that distinguish each other is in his attitude which is called Mudra and is characteristic for each patungsikap hand Buddha statue in Borobudur temple there are 6 kinds just because a wide therefore have a wide mudra in facing all directions (North West and South East) at the V and the step rupadhatu arupadhatu generally describe the same purpose, the principal amount of the existing 5 mudra mudra it is Bhumispara fifth-Wara-Mudra Mudra, Dhayana-Mudra, Mudra Abhaya-, Dharma-Chakra Mudra.
TOTAL STATUE LION
In addition Borobudur Buddhist statues there are also lions lions the amount should not be less than 32 pieces but if the count is now dwindling due to various reasons the only large lion statues are on the western side of the page are also facing west as if he were keeping Borobudur Temple building magnificent and fascinating.
TOTAL STUPA
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Parent Stupa
Have a larger size than other stupas and is located in the middle of the top of the entire monument is mhkota building Borobudur Stupa midline parent + 9.90 M highest peaks in call pinakel / Yasti Cikkara, located above Padmaganda and also trletak in line Harmika. -
Stupa Perforated / Overlay
The meaning or overlay perforated stupa Stupa is located on the terrace I, II, III in which there is a statue of Buddha.
In perforated stupa Borobudur whole number 72 Fruit, stupas are located at the level of Arupadhatu
Terrace I contained 32 Stupa
Terrace II there were 24 Stupa
Terrace III contained 16 Stupa
Number 72 Stupa -
Small Stupa
Small stupa shaped almost the same with the other stupas that menojol only difference is the smaller size of the stupa the other, as if – if a building decoration Borobudur keberadaanstupa occupy niches – niches in step II to V while saampai step on the first step Keben and partly in the form of a small stupa Stupa there is a small amount of fruit in 1472. -
Relief
At every level carved reliefs on temple walls. These reliefs read according clockwise or called mapradaksina in Old Javanese language derived from Sanskrit meaning daksina is east.These reliefs variety of story content, among other reliefs jātaka.Pembacaan stories stories are always the starting relief, and ends on the east side of the gate in every level, starting on the left and on the right end of the gate It so obviously that the east is the ladder up the real (main) and toward the top of the temple, it means that the temple facing the east while the other sides of similar right.
In sequence, the story on meaningful temple reliefs briefly as follows:
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Karmawibhangsa
In accordance with the symbolic meaning on the foot of the temple, reliefs which decorate the walls of the hidden shelf that illustrate the law of karma. Rows of relief is not a story series (series), but in every frame illustrates a story that has a causal correlation. Relief is not just to give an idea of the human moral turpitude accompanied by penalties that will be obtained, but also human and reward good deeds. An overall depiction of human life in the circle of birth – life – death (samsara) that never ends, and by Buddhism chain is exactly what will be terminated for perfection. -
Lalitawistara
History is a depiction of the Buddha in a row of reliefs (but not a complete history) that starts from the Buddha’s descent from heaven Tusita, and ends with the first sermon in the Deer Park near the city of Banaras. These reliefs lined the stairs on the south side, after a row exceeded the relief of 27 frames starting from the east side of the ladder. To-27 frames that describe the busyness, both in heaven and in the world, as a preparation to welcome the presence of the last incarnation of Buddha Bodhisattva as the candidate. The reliefs depict the birth of the Buddha in this arcapada as Prince Siddhartha, son of King Suddhodana and Maya Empress of State Kapilavastu. Relief totaled 120 frames, which ends with the first sermon, which is symbolically expressed as a Screening Wheel of Dharma, the Buddha’s teaching is called dharma which also means “law”, whereas dharma is represented as a wheel. -
Jataka & Awadana
Jataka are stories about the Buddha before it was born as Prince Siddhartha. Protrusion of contents is the subject of good works, which distinguishes the Bodhisattvas of any other creature. Indeed, the collection service / good deeds is a stage in the preparation of the business to the level of Buddhahood an.Sedangkan Awadana, basically almost the same as the Jataka but the culprit is not the Bodhisattvas, but other people and stories collected in the book which means noble deeds Diwyawadana sainthood , and a book or a hundred stories Awadanasataka Awadana. In the reliefs of Borobudur and Awadana Jataka, treated equally, meaning they are in the same row without a distinguishable. The set of the most well-known of the life of the Bodhisattvas is Jatakamala or strands Jataka stories, Aryasura and poet who lived in the 4th century AD. -
Gandawyuha
A row of reliefs adorn the walls of the hall to-2, is a story that wanders Sudhana tirelessly in his quest for knowledge about the Supreme Truth by Sudhana. Description of the frame 460 based on Mahayana Buddhist scripture entitled Gandawyuha, and for the lid on the story of another Bhadracari. -
Buddha statue
In addition to the form of Buddha in Buddhist cosmology is engraved on the wall, at the Borobudur buddha statues there are a lot of sitting cross-legged in the lotus position and show mudras, or symbolic hand position tertentu.Patung buddha in the recesses in Rupadhatu level, governed by the line on the outside of the balustrade. Dwindling on the side of it. Balustrade of the first row consists of 104 niches, the second line 104 niches, recesses 88 third row, fourth row 72 niches, and the fifth row 64 niches. There are a total number of 432 Buddha statues in the Arupadhatu Rupadhatu.Pada level (three circular courtyard), Buddha statues are placed in stupas berterawang (perforated).
In the court of the first round there are 32 stupas, the second court of the 24 stupas, and the third courtyard there are 16 stupas, all total 72 stupas.
Of the original number as many as 504 Buddha statues, over 300 have been damaged (mostly headless) and 43 missing (since the monument’s discovery, heads of Buddha is often stolen as collector’s item, mostly by museums abroad) .Simply buddha statues at a glance all looks similar , but there are subtle differences among them, namely the attitude mudras or hand positions.
There are five groups of mudra: North, East, South, West, and Central, all based on five main directions of the compass according to Mahayana teachings. Fourth balustrade has four mudras: North, East, South, and West, where each buddha statues facing the direction of the show typical mudra. Buddha statues at the fifth balustrades and statues of buddha in the 72 stupas on the upper court berterawang showing mudras: Middle or Center. Each mudra symbolize five Dhyani Buddhas; each with its own symbolic meaning.
Source: http://www.brobudurpark.com
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